Abordagem ortodôntica de má oclusão originada de uma autointervenção ­ relato de caso / Orthodontic approach to malocclusion originating from a self-intervention ­ case report

Resumo A automedicação, uma conduta realizada pelos pacientes com o objetivo de aliviar alguns sintomas de desconforto, é extremamente condenada pelos profissionais da saúde pelas possíveis consequências negativas que este ato pode causar, podendo gerar sequelas graves e irreversíveis. Tal situação não é diferente na Odontologia, quando os pacientes realizam procedimentos domésticos para camuflar um problema odontológico, principalmente quando há um comprometimento importante da estética do sorriso. O objetivo do presente artigo é relatar uma abordagem de tratamento multidisciplinar, a qual o ortodontista teve papel fundamental na correção dos efeitos adversos na oclusão causados pela autointervenção de uma paciente, que utilizou de artifícios domésticos para restabelecer de forma emergencial sua estética do sorriso. (AU)

Abstract Self-medication, a procedure performed by patients to relieve some symptoms of discomfort, is extremely disapproved of by health professionals for the possible negative consequences that this act can cause, which can generate serious and irreversible sequelae. Such a situation is no different in dentistry, when patients perform domestic procedures to camouflage a dental problem, especially when there is an important commitment to the smile's aesthetics. The aim of this article is to report a multidisciplinary treatment approach, one in which the orthodontist played a relevant role in correcting the adverse effects of the occlusion caused by the self-intervention of a patient, who used domestic devices to urgently restore her smile aesthetics (AU)

Comparação da expressão de torque entre fios de níquel titânio convencionais e estéticos / Comparison of torque expression between aesthetic and conventional nickel wires Leniana

Resumo O propósito deste estudo foi comparar a magnitude de torque de fios retangulares de níquel titânio (NiTi) estéticos e convencionais submetidos aos testes de torção. Foram testados fios comerciais de NiTi pré-contornados estéticos e convencionais de 4 marcas comerciais (American Orthodontics, Eurodonto, Orthometric e TP Orthodontics) de secção transversal 0.016" x 0.022". Os testes foram realizados em máquina de torção com rotação de 0° a 90° e foi analisado o comportamento na desativação em 20° e no torque máximo a 90°. Aos 20° no descarregamento, os fios estéticos e convencionais da American Orthodontics tiveram maior expressão de torque, enquanto os fios da Eurodonto convencional e TP Orthodontics estético apresentaram menor torque. No torque máximo a 90°, os fios que tiveram maior expressão foram da TP Orthodontics convencional e American Orthodontics estético, e os fios de menor torque foram da Eurodonto convencional e Orthometric estético. Não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas quando os fios estéticos foram comparados entre si. Ao comparar fios estéticos e convencionais de mesma marca comercial, a única que apresentou diferença estatisticamente significativa foi a Eurodonto. Concluiu-se que, quando comparados os torques dos fios estéticos e convencionais de mesma marca, não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas, exceto o da marca Eurodonto, que apresentou menor torque para os fios convencionais. (AU)

Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare the torque magnitude of aesthetic and conventional nickel titanium (NiTi) rectangular wires subjected to torsion tests. Commercial esthetic and conventional pre-contoured NiTi wires from 4 brands (American Orthodontics, Eurodonto, Orthometric, and TP Orthodontics) with a cross-section of 0.016" x 0.022" were tested. The tests were carried out in a torsion machine with rotation from 0º to 90° and the behavior in deactivation at 20° and at a maximum torque at 90° was analyzed. At 20° in unloading, American Orthodontics esthetic and conventional wires had higher torque, while conventional Eurodonto and TP Orthodontics esthetic wires had lower torque. At maximum torque (90°), the wires that had the highest torque were conventional TP Orthodontics and aesthetic American Orthodontics, and the wires with the lowest torque were conventional Eurodonto and aesthetic Orthometric. No statistically significant differences were found when the aesthetic threads were compared to each other. When comparing aesthetic and conventional wires from the same brand, the only one that showed a statistically significant difference was Eurodonto. It was concluded that, when comparing the torques of the aesthetic and conventional wires of the same brand, no statistically significant differences were found, except for the Eurodonto brand, which presented lower torque for the conventional wires. (AU)

Tratamento compensatório da má oclusão de Classe III esquelética com mini-implante ­ relato de caso / Compensatory treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion with miniscrews ­ case report

Resumo O tratamento compensatório da má oclusão de Classe III esquelética representa uma opção para pacientes adultos que não desejam se submeter ao tratamento ortodôntico-cirúrgico e desejam melhorias na oclusão e estética facial. O sucesso do tratamento compensatório da má oclusão de Classe III depende de um correto diagnóstico e planejamento de tratamento que considere a gravidade das discrepâncias verticais e anteroposteriores e o padrão de crescimento do paciente. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar o tratamento de um paciente adulto com má oclusão esquelética moderada de Classe III e protrusão mandibular tratada com ancoragem esquelética e sliding jig ancorado em mini implantes e elásticos intermaxilares de Classe III. Os resultados alcançados levaram a uma melhora significativa no perfil do paciente com a estética do sorriso. Relações de molares e caninos de Classe I foram alcançadas. O sucesso na correção da discrepância oclusal anteroposterior e a correção estética de uma má oclusão de Classe III através do tratamento compensatório com elásticos de Classe III e mini implantes podem ser alcançados se a adesão do paciente for satisfatória. (AU)

Abstract Compensatory treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion represents an option for adult patients who do not want to undergo orthodontic-surgical treatment and wish occlusion and facial aesthetics improvements. The success of the compensatory treatment of Classe III malocclusion depend on a correct diagnosis and treatment planning that considers the severity of vertical and anteroposterior discrepancies and the patient growth pattern. The aim of this study is to present the treatment of an adult patient with moderate skeletal Class III malocclusion and mandibular protrusion treated with skeletal anchorage whit miniscrew-anchored sliding jig and Class III intermaxillary elastics. The results achieved led to a significant improvement in the patient profile whit smiles esthetics. Class I molar and canine relationships were achieved. Successful on the correction of the anteroposterior occlusal discrepancy and esthetic correction of a Class III malocclusion through compensatory treatment with Class III elastics and miniscrew can be achieved if patient's compliance is satisfactory. (AU)

Efficacy of Low-Level Laser Therapy in Reducing Pain in the Initial Stages of Orthodontic Treatment.

Purpose: There is no consensus about the mechanism and efficacy in alleviating pain of the lower-level laser therapy (LLLT) during orthodontic treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the LLLT effectiveness clinically in reducing pain caused by orthodontic movement that occurs in the early stages of treatment. Methods: The sample consisted of 54 patients in need of orthodontic treatment divided into two groups. A 28 experimental patients group (initial mean age: 26.84 years old) was undergone gallium-aluminum-arsenide infrared laser application on 12 points for each tooth immediately after the installation of the first alignment archwire, and a 26 patients control group (initial mean age: 29.13 years old) was undergone to no pain control intervention at all. Pain intensity was measured by using a visual analog scale, which was marked pain level (mm) reported in 06, 24, 48, and 72 hours. The perception of pain (beginning, peak, decline, and absence) was evaluated by filling up a questionnaire. To compare the intensity and perception of pain between groups, a nonparametric Mann-Whitney has been performed. Results: The experimental group showed levels (mm) at 6 (p < 0.001), 24 (p=0.004), and 48 hours (p=0.007) and perception of pain (hours) in the peak (p=0.026), decline (p=0.025), and absence (p=0.008) significantly lower compared to the group control. Conclusion: Low-level laser therapy is effective in reducing pain severity caused by orthodontic forces activation, and it promotes the analgesic action lasting effect during the most painful feeling time.

Avaliação do conhecimento dos ortodontistas sobre movimentação ortodôntica em dentes traumatizados / Evaluation of orthodontists' knowledge concerning orthodontic movement in traumatized teeth

Resumo O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o conhecimento dos ortodontistas inscritos na Associação Brasileira de Ortodontia e Ortopedia Facial ­ Seção Minas Gerais (ABOR/MG) sobre a movimentação ortodôntica de dentes traumatizados. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de um questionário eletrônico desenvolvido na plataforma Google Forms® e enviado via e-mail. O questionário foi baseado no trabalho de Tondelli et al.1 (2010), composto por 21 questões objetivas, o qual foi dividido em 3 partes: a parte 1 abordou os dados demográficos dos participantes; a parte 2 coletou informações a respeito do conhecimento sobre traumatismo dentoalveolar e a parte 3 buscou avaliar o conhecimento dos profissionais em relação à movimentação ortodôntica de dentes traumatizados. A amostra consistiu de 93 (32%) de 289 ortodontistas registrados na ABOR/MG que responderam voluntariamente ao questionário, sendo 52,7% do sexo masculino e 47,3% do sexo feminino. Quanto à formação, a maioria (58,1%) apresentava o curso de Especialização concluído, 34,4% tinham concluído Mestrado ou Doutorado. A maior parte da amostra tinha mais de 10 anos de exercício da Ortodontia (50,5%). Do total, 53,8% afirmaram que praticam exclusivamente Ortodontia em seu consultório e 91,4% responderam que já atenderam pacientes com traumatismo dentário. No entanto, 21,5% afirmaram que apenas às vezes perguntam sobre história prévia de dentes traumatizados. O tipo de trauma com respostas mais assertivas foi avulsão (95,7%), enquanto subluxação, foi a que teve menos respostas adequadas (75,3%). A maioria dos ortodontistas possui um nível de conhecimento considerado satisfatório em relação às classificações de traumas dentários. Porém, a conduta em relação à movimentação ortodôntica destes dentes ainda é inadequada e uma maior capacitação desses profissionais torna-se necessária para levar ao correto tratamento e ao melhor prognóstico do paciente com traumatismo dentário (AU)

Abstract The aim of the present study was to evaluate the knowledge of orthodontists of the Brazilian Orthodontics and Facial Orthopedics Association ­ Minas Gerais section (ABOR/MG) in relation to orthodontic movement of traumatized teeth. The research was conducted with an electronic questionnaire answered through the Google Forms® platform and sent to the participants by e-mail. A number of 21 objective questions, based on Tondelli's et al.1 (2010) work, were divided into 3 parts: the profile data of the professionals composed part 1; part 2 collected information on the knowledge of dentoalveolar trauma; and part 3 evaluated the professional's knowledge in relation to the orthodontic movement of traumatized teeth. The sample of the study was a total of 289 orthodontists registered in the ABOR/MG association: 93 of these answered the questionnaire (32%), in which 51% were men and 49% were women. In terms of professional qualification and education, most participants (58,1%) had Specialization and 53,8% had more than 10 years of experience in the area of Orthodontics. In total, 53,8% declared having practiced exclusively Orthodontics in their clinics and 91,4% have already treated patients with dental trauma. However, 21,5% affirmed that only sometimes they ask the patients about the previous trauma history. The type of trauma with the most correct answers was avulsion (95,7%) and subluxation was the lesion with the lowest number of adequate response (75,3%). Most orthodontics has a level of knowledge in regard to dental trauma considered to be satisfactory. On the other hand, their conduct in orthodontic movement is inadequate and more capacitation and training of these professionals are necessary for the correct treatment and prognosis of the traumatized patient. (AU)

Avaliação da resistência à deformação plástica dos fios redondos de níquel-titânio / Evaluation of plastic deformation resistance of nickeltitanium round wires

Resumo As ligas de níquel-titânio (NiTi) possuem elasticidade elevada sem sofrer deformações plásticas permanentes, sendo amplamente indicadas nas primeiras fases do tratamento ortodôntico. O Objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a resistência de fios ortodônticos de NiTi termoativados em relação à deformação plástica. Foram avaliados fios de 6 marcas comerciais (GAC®, Morelli®, American Orthodontics®, Infinity®e 3M®). Primeiramente a partir de modelos prototipados foi simulada a relação entre deformação plástica e deflexão pela distância interbráquetes em 4 níveis de força a 37°C por 30 dias. Um segundo experimento foi realizado através da análise de fotografias padronizadas com diagramas observando o antes e depois de aplicada uma deformação ao fio a diferentes temperaturas. Os resultados do primeiro teste mostraram que todas as marcas comerciais testadas retornaram a sua forma original após sofrer deflexão por 30 dias. O segundo experimento mostrou que os fios da marca GAC® e American Orthodontics® não apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas comparando as medidas do fio antes da deformação, deformado e após aquecimento (fio aquecido). Já os fios das marcas 3M®, Orthometric® e Infinity®, Morelli apresentaram diferenças significantes entre os fios novos e os fios deformados, e entre os fios deformados e os fios aquecidos, porém, não houve diferenças significantes entre os fios novos e aquecidos. Concluiu-se que nenhum fio, em nenhuma magnitude de deflexão aplicada, sofreu deformação plástica (permanente). Assim, todos os fios das marcas comerciais testadas foram considerados satisfatórios para a prática clínica da Ortodontia no que diz respeito à resistência a deformação plástica. (AU)

Abstract Nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloys have high elasticity without suffering permanent plastic deformations, widely indicated in the early stages of orthodontic treatment. This study aims to evaluate the heat-activated NiTi orthodontic wires' resistance to plastic deformation. The wire from 6 commercial brands (GAC®, Morelli®, American Orthodontics®, Infinity®, and 3M®) was evaluated first from prototype models, simulating the relationship between plastic deformation and deflection by the inter bracket distance at four levels of force at 37° C for 30 days. A second experiment was carried out by analyzing standardized photographs with diagrams observing the before and after deformation was applied to the wire at different temperatures. The first test showed that all tested trademarks returned to their original shape after deflecting for 30 days. The second experiment showed that GAC® and American Orthodontics® wires did not present statistically significant differences comparing the wire measurements before deformed deformation and after heating (heated wire). On the other hand, 3M®, Orthometric® and Infinity®, Morelli wires showed significant differences between new and deformed wires and between twisted and heated wires; however, there were no significant differences between new and heated wires. It was concluded that no wire, at any magnitude of applied deflection, suffered plastic (permanent) deformation. Thus, all wires of the commercial brands tested were considered satisfactory for the clinical practice of Orthodontics in terms of resistance to plastic deformation.(AU)

Avaliação da resistência à torção de mini-implantes após uso clínico e processo de reciclagem / Assessment of mini-implants resistance to torsion after clinical use and recycling process

Resumo Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a influência do uso clínico e do processo de reciclagem nos valores de torção e na resistência mecânica à fratura dos mini-implantes. Material e métodos: Trinta e quatro mini-implantes autoperfurantes de titânio (Ti-6AI-4V) de uma mesma marca comercial com 1,5 mm de diâmetro, 8,0 mm de comprimento e perfil transmucoso de 2,0 mm, que foram selecionados e divididos em dois grupos: Grupo 1 foi composto de 24 mini-implantes inseridos na maxila e mandíbula de 17 pacientes sob tratamento ortodôntico e, que após 4 meses foram removidos e submetidos aos processos de reciclagem, incluindo limpeza e esterilização. O grupo 2 (controle) foi composto por 10 mini-implantes, conforme comercializados pelo fabricante. Os valores de torque de inserção e o torque máximo no momento da fratura dos mini-implantes foram realizados na máquina de teste universal (EMIC). Para comparação dos dados entre os grupos, foi realizado o t independente (p>0,05). Resultados: Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa no teste de ensaio de resistência à torção entre os grupos analisados. Conclusão: Pode-se concluir que o processo de reciclagem dos mini-implantes não influenciou nos valores de resistência à torção, mantendo-se dentro do limite recomendado pelo fabricante para seu uso clínico.(AU)

Abstract Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of clinical use and the recycling process on torsion values and on the mechanical resistance to fracture of mini-implants. Material and methods: Thirty-four self-drilling titanium (Ti-6AI-4V) mini-implants of the same commercial brand, 1.5 mm in diameter, 8.0 mm in length and 2.0 mm transmucosal profile that were selected and divided into two groups: Group 1 consisted of 24 mini-implants inserted in the maxilla and mandible of 17 patients under orthodontic treatment, and that after 4 months were removed and submitted to recycling processes, including cleaning and sterilization. Group 2 (control) consisted of 10 mini-implants as marketed by the manufacturer. The insertion torque values and the maximum torque at the time of the mini- implant fracture were performed on the universal testing machine (EMIC). To compare data between groups, independent t was performed (p> 0.05). Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the torsion resistance test between the groups analyzed. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the mini-implants recycling process did not influence values of torsion resistance, remaining within the limit recommended by the manufacturer for its clinical use. (AU)

Attractiveness of the facial profile: comparison of Class II patients treated with Twin Force® or intermaxillary elastics.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the facial profile attractiveness of Class II patients treated with Twin Force® or intermaxillary elastics. METHODS: Sample comprised 47 Class II patients divided into two groups: G1) TWIN FORCE - 25 patients treated with fixed appliances and Twin Force® fixed functional appliance (mean initial age was 17.91 ± 7.13 years, mean final age was 20.45 ± 7.18 years, and mean treatment time was 2.53 ± 0.83 years); G2) ELASTICS - 22 patients treated with fixed appliances and Class II intermaxillary elastics (mean initial age was 15.87 ± 5.64 years, mean final age was 18.63 ± 5.79 years and mean treatment time was 2.75 ± 0.60 years). Lateral cephalograms from pretreatment and posttreatment were used. Cephalometric variables were measured and silhouettes of facial profile were constructed and evaluated by 48 laypeople and 63 orthodontists, rating the attractiveness from 0 (most unattractive profile) to 10 (most attractive profile). Intergroup comparisons were performed with Mann-Whitney and independent t-tests. RESULTS: At pretreatment, facial profile of the Twin Force® group was less attractive than the Elastics group. Treatment with Twin Force® or Class II elastics resulted in similar facial profile attractiveness, but the facial convexity was more reduced in the Twin Force® group. Orthodontists were more critical than laypeople. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with Twin Force® or Class II elastics produced similar facial profile attractiveness at posttreatment. Profile attractiveness was reduced with treatment in the elastic group, and improved in the Twin Force® group. Facial convexity was more reduced with treatment in the Twin Force® group.

Treatment Effects of the Herbst Appliance in Class II Malocclusion Patients after the Growth Peak.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate dentoskeletal changes in the treatment of Class II malocclusion with the Herbst Cantilever Bite Jumper (CBJ) appliance, associated with multibracket appliances after the growth peak, at pretreatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A sample of 37 individuals was divided into two groups: the experimental group comprised 16 patients treated consecutively for a mean period of 2.52 years with the Herbst CBJ appliance associated with multibracket appliances. A total of 21 subjects (10 males and 11 females) with Class II malocclusion and mean age at T1 of 16.08 years were followed for a mean period of 2.12 years composed the control group. Comparisons between the two groups were performed using initial and final lateral cephalograms. Comparisons between experimental and control groups at pretreatment and of the treatment changes were performed by Mann-Whitney or independent t-tests. RESULTS: Experimental group exhibited a significantly greater labial inclination of the mandibular incisors in comparison to the control group. Additionally, significantly greater corrections in overbite, overjet, and molar relationship were observed in the experimental than in the control groups. CONCLUSION: The effects of the Herbst CBJ appliance, associated with fixed appliances after the growth peak in Class II malocclusion treatment are correction in molar relationship toward a Class I relationship, decrease of the overjet, decrease of the overbite, and mandibular incisors labial inclination.

Soft tissue profile changes in Angle class II patients treated with Twin Force or intermaxillary elastics-a comparison.

PROPOSITION: This study aimed to compare soft tissue profile changes in Angle class II malocclusion patients treated with a Twin Force appliance (Ortho Organizers, Inc., Carlsbad, CA, USA) or class II elastics. METHODS: The sample comprised 47 class II malocclusion patients treated orthodontically without extractions, divided into two groups. Group 1 (Twin Force): 25 patients were treated with the Twin Force, with initial and final mean ages of 17.91 and 20.45 years, respectively, and mean treatment time of 2.53 years. Group 2 (elastics): 22 patients were treated with class II elastics, with initial and final mean age of 15.87 and 18.63 years, respectively, and mean treatment time of 2.75 years. The lateral cephalograms were evaluated at the initial and final stages. Intragroup comparisons were performed with dependent t-tests and intergroup comparisons were performed with independent t-tests. RESULTS: Treatment-related changes in the Twin Force group included reduction of facial convexity, retrusion of the upper lip, increase of the H­Nose distance, and decrease in Sn­H distance, indicating improvement in facial profile. In the elastics group, treatment resulted in an increase in nasolabial angle, retrusion of the upper lip, increase of the H­Nose distance, and decrease in Sn­H distance, indicating improvement in facial profile. The Twin Force group showed a greater reduction of the facial convexity with treatment than the elastics group. CONCLUSIONS: Class II patients treated with the Twin Force appliance showed greater reduction in facial convexity than patients treated with class II elastics. The other soft tissue changes were similar for both groups.

Attractiveness of the facial profile: comparison of Class II patients treated with Twin Force® or intermaxillary elastics

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the facial profile attractiveness of Class II patients treated with Twin Force® or intermaxillary elastics. Methods: Sample comprised 47 Class II patients divided into two groups: G1) TWIN FORCE - 25 patients treated with fixed appliances and Twin Force® fixed functional appliance (mean initial age was 17.91 ± 7.13 years, mean final age was 20.45 ± 7.18 years, and mean treatment time was 2.53 ± 0.83 years); G2) ELASTICS - 22 patients treated with fixed appliances and Class II intermaxillary elastics (mean initial age was 15.87 ± 5.64 years, mean final age was 18.63 ± 5.79 years and mean treatment time was 2.75 ± 0.60 years). Lateral cephalograms from pretreatment and posttreatment were used. Cephalometric variables were measured and silhouettes of facial profile were constructed and evaluated by 48 laypeople and 63 orthodontists, rating the attractiveness from 0 (most unattractive profile) to 10 (most attractive profile). Intergroup comparisons were performed with Mann-Whitney and independent t-tests. Results: At pretreatment, facial profile of the Twin Force® group was less attractive than the Elastics group. Treatment with Twin Force® or Class II elastics resulted in similar facial profile attractiveness, but the facial convexity was more reduced in the Twin Force® group. Orthodontists were more critical than laypeople. Conclusions: Treatment with Twin Force® or Class II elastics produced similar facial profile attractiveness at posttreatment. Profile attractiveness was reduced with treatment in the elastic group, and improved in the Twin Force® group. Facial convexity was more reduced with treatment in the Twin Force® group.

RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar a atratividade do perfil facial em pacientes Classe II tratados com Twin Force® ou elásticos intermaxilares. Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 47 pacientes Classe II divididos em dois grupos: G1 - Twin Force® (25 pacientes tratados com aparelhos fixos e o aparelho funcional Twin Force®; idade inicial média de 17,91 ± 7,13 anos, idade final média de 20,45 ± 7,18 anos, e tempo médio de tratamento de 2,53 ± 0,83 anos); G2 - Elásticos (22 pacientes tratados com aparelhos fixos e elásticos intermaxilares de Classe II, idade inicial média de 15,87 ± 5,64 anos, idade final média de 18,63 ± 5,79 anos, e tempo médio de tratamento de 2,75 ± 0,60 anos). Foram usadas telerradiografias laterais pré- e pós-tratamento. As variáveis cefalométricas foram mensuradas, e silhuetas do perfil facial foram construídas e avaliadas por 48 leigos e 63 ortodontistas, que pontuaram a atratividade entre 0 (perfil menos atraente) e 10 (perfil mais atraente). As comparações intergrupos foram realizadas com os testes Mann-Whitney e t de Student para amostras independentes. Resultados: Na fase pré-tratamento, o perfil facial no grupo Twin Force® foi menos atrativo do que no grupo Elásticos. Os tratamentos com o Twin Force® ou com Elásticos de Classe II resultaram em atratividade semelhante do perfil facial, mas a convexidade facial foi mais reduzida no grupo Twin Force®. Os ortodontistas foram mais críticos do que os leigos. Conclusões: Apesar de os tratamentos com o Twin Force® ou com Elásticos de Classe II terem resultado em atratividade semelhante do perfil facial após o tratamento, a atratividade do perfil foi reduzida com o tratamento no grupo Elásticos e melhorou no grupo Twin Force®. A convexidade facial foi mais reduzida com o tratamento no grupo Twin Force®.

Attractiveness of different esthetic orthodontic wires

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the attractiveness of different types of esthetic orthodontic wires by laypeople and dentists. Methods: Five different types of orthodontic wires were evaluated: three esthetic wires (Teflon-coated, epoxy resin-coated and rhodium-coated wires), and two metallic wires (stainless steel and NiTi), as control. Monocrystalline ceramic brackets were installed in the maxillary arch of a patient presenting good dental alignment. The five evaluated wires were attached to the orthodontic appliance with an esthetic silicone elastic and photographed. The photographs were evaluated by 163 individuals, 110 dentists and 53 laypeople. The data were statistically evaluated by two-way ANOVA and one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey tests. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the attractiveness among the wires evaluated; the most esthetic was the rhodium-coated wire, followed by the epoxy resin-coated wire and, finally, the Teflon-coated wire, with no significant difference from the stainless steel and NiTi control archwires. There was no significant difference between the groups of evaluators. Conclusion: The most attractive was the rhodium-coated wire, followed by the epoxy resin-coated wire and, finally, the least attractive wire was the Teflon-coated wire, without statistically significant difference to the stainless steel and NiTi wires, used as control.

RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a atratividade de diferentes tipos de fios ortodônticos estéticos, na opinião de leigos e dentistas. Métodos: Foram avaliados cinco tipos diferentes de fios ortodônticos: três fios estéticos (revestidos com teflon, revestidos com resina epóxi e revestidos com ródio) e dois fios metálicos (aço inoxidável e NiTi), como grupo controle. Braquetes de cerâmica monocristalina foram instalados na arcada superior de uma paciente com bom alinhamento dentário, e os cinco fios avaliados foram fixados ao aparelho ortodôntico com ligadura elástica estética de silicone e fotografados. As fotografias foram avaliadas por 163 indivíduos, sendo 110 dentistas e 53 leigos. Os dados foram avaliados estatisticamente pelos testes ANOVA a um e a dois critérios, seguidos pelo teste de Tukey. Resultados: Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa na atratividade entre os fios avaliados. O mais estético foi o fio revestido de ródio, seguido pelo fio revestido de resina epóxica e, finalmente, o fio revestido de teflon, sem diferença significativa entre os fios de aço inoxidável e os de NiTi. Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos de avaliadores. Conclusão: O mais atraente foi o fio revestido de ródio, seguido pelo fio revestido de resina epóxica e, finalmente, o fio menos atraente foi o fio revestido de teflon, sem diferença estatisticamente significativa para os fios de aço inoxidável e os de NiTi, utilizados como controle.

Comparison of Profile Attractiveness between Class III Orthodontic Camouflage and Predictive Tracing of Orthognathic Surgery.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the profile attractiveness between orthodontic camouflage of the Class III malocclusion and the predictive tracing simulating orthognathic surgery evaluated by dentists and laypeople. Settings and sample population. The sample consisted of 21 patients (9 male; 12 female) with Class III malocclusion treated with orthodontic camouflage and Class III intermaxillary elastics. Material and Methods. The mean initial age of the patients was 24.38 years (SD 3.32), and the mean ANB angle was -1.91° (SD 0.83°). Patients presented skeletal Class III and normal growth patterns. Initial and final lateral cephalograms of each patient were used. The initial cephalogram was used to perform the treatment simulation of orthognathic surgery, and its silhouette was compared to the silhouette obtained from the final cephalogram after Class III orthodontic camouflage. A subjective analysis of profile attractiveness was performed by 47 laypeople and 60 dentists, with scores from 1 (less attractive) to 10 (most attractive). Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare profile attractiveness between the orthodontic treatment and the predictive tracing groups and between dentists and laypeople. RESULTS: The predictive tracing of orthognathic surgery showed to be statistically significantly more attractive (mean score 4.57, SD 2.47) than that of the Class III camouflage orthodontic treatment (mean score 4.22, SD 2.40), with a mean numerical but significant difference of 0.35 (SD 2.01) (P < 0.001). Laypeople were more critical than dentists in evaluating profile attractiveness, but numerical difference between the groups was also small. CONCLUSION: The profile silhouette of predictive tracing simulating orthognathic surgery showed to be more attractive than that of Class III camouflage orthodontic treatment; however, differences were small but statistically significant. Laypeople showed to be more critical than dentists.

Comparison of the facial profile attractiveness in Class III borderline patients after surgical or compensatory orthodontic treatment.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to compare the facial profile attractiveness of Class III borderline patients after surgical or compensatory orthodontic treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 60 borderline Class III malocclusion patients, divided into two groups: Group 1 (Surgical): 30 patients (16 male; 14 female) treated with orthodontic fixed appliances and bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. Mean initial age was 20.05 years (s.d.=2.40) and mean treatment time was 2.23 years (s.d.=0.82). Group 2 (Compensatory): 30 patients (13 male; 17 female) treated compensatorily with fixed appliances and Class III elastics. Mean initial age was 18.53 years (s.d.=4.35) and mean treatment time was 2.08 years (s.d.=0.67). Silhouettes of the facial profile were constructed obtained from the pretreatment and posttreatment lateral cephalograms and evaluated by orthodontists (N=41, 22 females and 19 males, mean age of 35.65 years), assigning scores from 1 (least attractive) to 10 (most attractive). Intergroup comparison of profile attractiveness was performed by Mann-Whitney test. For intragroup comparison of initial and final stages, the Wilcoxon test was used. RESULTS: At initial stage, the compensatory group presented a statistically significant greater attractiveness of the profile than the surgical group. With treatment, the surgical group presented significantly more improvement in facial profile than the compensatory group. At the final stage, profile attractiveness of surgical and compensatory groups was similar. CONCLUSIONS: The facial profile attractiveness is similar in Class III patients after orthognathic surgery or compensatory orthodontic treatment. However, surgery provided more improvement in profile attractiveness than the compensatory treatment in Class III patients. Key words:Malocclusion, angle Class III, orthognathic surgery, corrective orthodontics.

Level of satisfaction in the use of the wraparound Hawley and thermoplastic maxillary retainers.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the level of satisfaction in the use of wraparound Hawley and thermoplastic maxillary retainers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study sample included 70 orthodontic patients (24 males and 46 females), who were in the retention stage (mean age = 20.80 years). All patients wore the two types of maxillary retainer for 1 month each, along with a 3×3 fixed mandibular retainer. After the use of each retainer, the patients responded to a questionnaire evaluating the level of satisfaction with their use of the maxillary retainer. Intergroup comparison was performed by independent t tests. Chi-square test was used to evaluate preference for the type of retainer by gender. RESULTS: The thermoplastic retainer was better for swallowing and the wraparound Hawley appliance was better for hygiene and durability. The other factors evaluated (adaptation, speech, comfort, esthetics, satisfaction, and fitting) did not show significant differences between the retainers. There was also no significant difference in preference for the appliances. CONCLUSIONS: Regarding the overall satisfaction and the preference, there was no difference between the wraparound Hawley and thermoplastic retainers. The wraparound Hawley appliance was better in hygiene and resistance than the thermoplastic retainer; and the thermoplastic appliance was better than the wraparound Hawley for swallowing fluids and saliva.

Attractiveness of different esthetic orthodontic wires.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the attractiveness of different types of esthetic orthodontic wires by laypeople and dentists. METHODS: Five different types of orthodontic wires were evaluated: three esthetic wires (Teflon-coated, epoxy resin-coated and rhodium-coated wires), and two metallic wires (stainless steel and NiTi), as control. Monocrystalline ceramic brackets were installed in the maxillary arch of a patient presenting good dental alignment. The five evaluated wires were attached to the orthodontic appliance with an esthetic silicone elastic and photographed. The photographs were evaluated by 163 individuals, 110 dentists and 53 laypeople. The data were statistically evaluated by two-way ANOVA and one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey tests. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference in the attractiveness among the wires evaluated; the most esthetic was the rhodium-coated wire, followed by the epoxy resin-coated wire and, finally, the Teflon-coated wire, with no significant difference from the stainless steel and NiTi control archwires. There was no significant difference between the groups of evaluators. CONCLUSION: The most attractive was the rhodium-coated wire, followed by the epoxy resin-coated wire and, finally, the least attractive wire was the Teflon-coated wire, without statistically significant difference to the stainless steel and NiTi wires, used as control.

Evaluation of the influence of mandibular third molars on mandibular anterior crowding relapse.

Objective: To evaluate the influence of mandibular third molars on relapse of mandibular anterior crowding in orthodontically treated patients.Material and Methods: Sample included orthodontic records of 108 patients: Group 1: 72 patients (39 female; 33 male) with third molars present in the postretention evaluation stage. Group 2: 36 patients (18 female; 18 male) who did not present the third molars in the postretention evaluation stage. Panoramic radiographs and dental models were evaluated at three different stages: pre-treatment; posttreatment and postretention. Panoramic radiographs showed the presence or absence of third molars in the 3 evaluated stages and on the dental models, overbite and mandibular anterior crowding was measured by the Little Irregularity Index. For intergroup comparisons, t-tests and a multifactorial regression analysis were used.Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the relapse of mandibular anterior crowding among the groups with and without mandibular third molars at the postretention stage.Conclusion: The presence or absence of mandibular third molars did not influence the relapse of mandibular anterior crowding in orthodontically treated patients.

Comparison of torque expression in esthetic brackets.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this work is to test the null hypothesis that there is no difference in the torque expression among different esthetic brackets. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Five ceramic self-ligating brackets (In-Ovation C - GAC, Damon Clear-Ormco, QuicKlear-Forestadent, Click-It -TP Orthodontics, Clarity SL-3M Unitek) and 4 ceramic conventional brackets (Inspire Ice-Ormco, InVu Ceramic-TP Orthodontics, Ceramic Roth-Morelli, Clarity Metal-Reinforced Ceramic Bracket-3M Unitek) were selected. Metallic Damon MX self-ligating bracket (Ormco) was used as control. Third-order moments were measured at 12º, 24º and 36º using an archwire torsion device associated with a Universal Testing Machine (EMIC DL2000), with 0.019x0.025-inch stainless steel wire. Anova followed by Tukey tests were used for intergroup comparisons. RESULTS: In all tested angulations the Damon Clear bracket presented the highest torque expression, followed by Clarity, Clarity SL and Damon Mx brackets, with the worst torque expression shown by the InVu Ceramic bracket. The InVu Ceramic demonstrated the largest while the Damon Clear brackets demonstrated the smallest slot height and clearance. CONCLUSIONS: The null hypothesis was rejected since torque expression was different among the esthetic brackets evaluated. It was also concluded that the slot height is directly related to torque expression. Key words:Torque, orthodontic brackets, orthodontic appliances, incisor, ceramics.

Comparison of WALA ridge and dental arch dimensions changes after orthodontic treatment using a passive self-ligating system or conventional fixed appliance.

OBJECTIVE: To compare changes in WALA ridge and mandibular dental arch dimensions in orthodontic patients treated with a passive self-ligating system and conventional appliances. DESIGN: Original paper. SETTING: Orthodontic department at Inga University Center, Maringá, PR, Brazil. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pretreatment (T1) and posttreatment (T2) dental casts of 60 patients with Class I malocclusion treated with slight to moderate crowding that were divided into two groups. Group 1: 30 patients treated with a passive self-ligating system, at a mean initial age of 17.68 years and mean treatment time of 2.31 years. Group 2: 30 patients treated with conventional appliances, at a mean initial age of 19.23 years and mean treatment time of 2.56 years. Measurements were taken using a digital caliper directly on pre and posttreatment dental casts to evaluate the transversal dimension behavior of the mandibular dental arch and the WALA ridge width. RESULTS: Self-ligating group presented an increase in WALA ridge width and mandibular transversal dimensions significantly greater than the conventional group, with the exception of intermolar cusp tip distance and intercanine WALA ridge. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups. There was also observed a significantly greater increase of the transversal buccal axis dimensions in the premolar area when compared to the WALA ridge increase in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with a passive self-ligating system resulted in a significantly greater increase of the WALA ridge width and mandibular arch dimensions when compared to conventional appliance.

Comparison of the Force Released by Intermaxillary Elastics Used for Different Time Periods.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to compare the strength degradation of the force of intermaxillary elastic used for different periods. METHODS: The sample included intermaxillary elastics used for 20 adult patients with bilateral Class II or III malocclusion in orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances, with a mean age of 27.25 years. Latex orthodontic elastics with 3/16 inch of diameter were used, with an average stretching of three times its diameter. The elastics were used in the same patient bilaterally for different periods, with each pair of elastics used for 1, 12, 24, and 48h. Thus, the sample consisted of 200 elastics, with 40 being used in each period (one pair used by each patient) and 40 new elastics without use tested as control. Elastics were tested using a universal testing machine, stretched with a velocity of 30 mm/min, and the force was evaluated in stretches of 15, 20, 25, and 30 mm. The degradation force was compared in the four different times of use and control by one-way ANOVA (analysis of variance) and Tukey tests. RESULTS: There were significant differences among the groups in all evaluated stretches (15, 20, 25, and 30 mm). The control elastics presented higher average forces numerically and statistically significant for all tested times, except for the elastic used for 1h. The elastics used for 1, 12, and 24h had similar forces among them, with a significant difference to the elastics used for 48h. CONCLUSION: It is recommended to change the intermaxillary elastics after 24 h of use.